Moray is one of the most fascinating Inca archaeological sites in Peru and is located near Cusco, in the Sacred Valley. Unlike other ruins, Moray is known for its circular agricultural terraces, which served as an ancient laboratory where the Incas experimented with crops and microclimates. In this travel guide, you will learn how these terraces were built, what crops were grown, the technology behind them, and practical tips for travelers planning to visit this amazing place in Peru.
Exploring the incredible Moray Inca Ruins in Perú
The ruins of Moray are an archaeological site located in the Sacred Valley of Peru, approximately 50 km northwest of Cusco. This site is known for its unusual circular terraces that were used for agricultural experimentation by the Inca Empire.
What is Moray?
The Moray ruins in Peru are an ancient Inca site located in the Sacred Valley near Cusco. They consist of a series of circular terraces that were constructed by the Incas, with the largest depression measuring around 30 meters deep.
The terraces of Moray consist of several circular depressions of varying sizes and depths, with the largest depression measuring approximately 30 meters deep. These terraces were constructed by the Incas in such a way that each depression had a different microclimate, allowing them to test and develop crops that could be grown in a range of environmental conditions.
Moray Terraces Peru
It is believed that the Incas used Moray as a sort of agricultural laboratory, where they experimented with different crops and growing techniques to improve their agricultural practices. Some of the crops that were grown at Moray include corn, potatoes, and quinoa.
In addition to its agricultural significance, Moray is also an impressive engineering feat, with the terraces built using intricate stone masonry techniques that have withstood the test of time.
Today, the ruins of Moray are a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the world who come to marvel at the ingenuity of the Inca Empire and to explore this unique and fascinating site.
The Terraces of Moray Ruins:
Moray’s terraces form a circular pattern, descending in layers to a natural depression. The largest basin reaches nearly 30 meters (98 feet) deep and spans approximately 120 meters (394 feet) in diameter. Strolling along the edges reveals the precise craftsmanship of Inca engineering at every turn.
What fascinates me most is how each tier creates a subtly different microclimate. Daytime temperatures at the top hover around 64°F (18°C), while the bottom reaches 75–77°F (24–25°C). This microclimate effect allowed the Incas to experiment with crop cultivation under varying conditions. Imagine—over five centuries ago, without electricity or modern tools, they were already experimenting with microclimates, crop rotation, and sustainable farming.
Crops and Agriculture:
- The Incas cultivated on these terraces:
- Potatoes dozens of varieties adapted to different altitudes
- Corn testing drought resistance and sun tolerance
- Quinoa nutrient-rich and versatile
As local explorer, I always emphasize to visitors: this was not merely food production, but scientific experimentation. Each terrace served a specific purpose, with the Incas meticulously observing and documenting results. When you grasp the perfect fusion of engineering and agricultural wisdom, you can’t help but feel profound respect for this land.
Moray History
The Moray ruins in Peru are believed to have been built by the Inca Empire, which ruled over much of South America from the 13th to the 16th centuries. While the exact date of construction is not known, it is believed that the site was built during the height of Inca civilization, sometime in the late 15th or early 16th century.
The Incas were renowned for their advanced engineering skills, and the construction of the Moray ruins is a testament to their ingenuity and craftsmanship. The circular terraces were built using complex stone masonry techniques, with each level precisely aligned to create the unique microclimates that allowed the Incas to experiment with different crops and growing techniques.
While the exact purpose of the Moray ruins is still debated, it is clear that they played a significant role in Inca society. Some historians believe that the site was used as an agricultural laboratory, where the Incas could experiment with different crops and improve their farming practices. Others believe that the site had religious or ritual significance for the Incas, or was used as an astronomical observatory.
Like many other Inca sites, the Moray ruins were abandoned after the Spanish conquest of Peru in the 16th century. They were largely forgotten until the 20th century, when archaeologists began to study and excavate the site. Today, the Moray ruins are a popular tourist attraction, visited by thousands of people each year who come to marvel at the ingenuity of the Inca Empire and explore this fascinating archaeological site.
How the Incas Used the Terraces
- Experiments with crops: Each terrace simulated different growing conditions.
- Microclimate management: Different altitudes and levels of sunlight created diverse environments.
- Food sustainability: The system enabled the Incas to grow crops all year round.
Theories on Moray’s purpose
There are several theories about the purpose of the Moray ruins in Peru, and the exact reason for their construction is still somewhat of a mystery. Some of the most prominent theories include:
Agricultural Laboratory: One theory is that the circular terraces were used as an agricultural laboratory by the Incas. The different levels and microclimates of the terraces allowed the Incas to experiment with different crops and growing techniques, helping them to develop more efficient and effective agricultural practices.
Astronomical Observatory: Another theory is that the Moray ruins were used as an astronomical observatory by the Incas. The circular terraces are aligned with the solstices and equinoxes, leading some to believe that the Incas may have used the site to track celestial events and make astronomical observations.
Religious or Ritual Site: It is also possible that the Moray ruins had religious or ritual significance for the Incas. The circular design of the terraces may have represented the Inca concept of duality, with each level representing a different world or dimension. The site may have been used for ceremonies or rituals related to Inca religion or spirituality.
Healing Site: Some people believe that the Moray ruins were used for healing purposes. The different microclimates of the terraces may have been used to cultivate medicinal plants and herbs, and the site may have been a place where the Incas practiced traditional healing techniques.
Alien Landing Site: Another popular theory about the Moray ruins is that the circular depressions in the earth are believed to be marks left by aliens for the landing.
Best Time to Visit Moray
The best time to visit the Moray Inca ruins in Peru is during the dry season, which runs from May to October. During this time, the weather is generally sunny and dry, with very little rain. The dry weather also means that the roads and trails leading to the site are easier to navigate.
- Dry season: May to October → sunny, fewer visitors, easier access.
- Rainy season: November to April → terraces lush and green, but hiking trails muddy
Visit Moray today
Moray is located about 50 km northwest of Cusco. Visitors can explore the terraces, take guided tours, and learn more about Inca agricultural practices. The visit is often combined with a trip to the salt mines of Maras, another attraction in the region.
