The Ultimate Guide to Cusco: Explore the Best of Peru’s Historic Capital
Cusco is a fascinating gateway to rich Andean culture, offering a perfect starting point for exploring Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley. Discover our complete travel guide below, packed with essential information, expert travel tips and must-see attractions to make the most of your trip to Cusco.
Introduction
The historic capital of the Inca Empire, Cusco is a city rich in history, culture and natural beauty. Cusco is the gateway to some of Peru’s most famous attractions, such as Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley. Whether you like adventure, history or simply immersing yourself in a new culture, Cusco has something to offer everyone.
Where is Cusco located?
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, Cusco was known by the Incas as the “navel of the world”. From above, the city is seen wedged like a bowl between towering peaks. The impressive mountain scenery, combined with its remarkable Inca and colonial architecture, make Cusco an impressive tourist destination. Nevertheless, its unique topography also means that the city is characterized by steep hills, which can be a challenge for visitors arriving from sea level.
Note: See our blog about how to avoid altitude sickness in Cusco.
Cusco Elevation
The city of Cusco is located some 3,400 meters above sea level (11,150 feet), making it one of the highest cities in the world. This impressive altitude means that visitors may experience symptoms of altitude sickness, which is common coming from sea level locations, such as shortness of breath, dizziness or fatigue. To mitigate these effects, it is essential to acclimatize gradually, stay well hydrated and avoid strenuous activities especially on your first day in Cusco.
Climate & Weather in Cusco
Climate
Located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Cusco enjoys a subtropical altiplano climate due to its high altitude. The weather in Cusco is mainly dry and temperate, with two distinct seasons: a dry season, corresponding to winter (May to October), and a rainy season, coinciding with summer (November to April). During the dry season, skies are clear and temperatures are cooler, while the rainy season brings frequent rain, often in the form of afternoon showers. Although temperatures in Cusco can approach freezing, they usually remain above freezing. On the other hand, in the surrounding mountains, temperatures are much colder and sometimes drop below freezing.
Weather
Dry season (May to September)
The dry season in Cusco coincides with the southern hemisphere winter, with warm, sunny days and cold nights. July and August are the driest months, with nighttime temperatures often dropping below freezing.
Daytime: 19-20°C (66 to 68°F)
At night: 0-4°C (32-39°F)
Rainy season (November to March)
During the summer in the Andes, Cusco experiences brief and occasional rains. January and February are the rainiest months, with warmer nights due to increaseed cloud cover.
Daytime: 19-21°C (66-70°F)
Nighttime: 6-7°C (43-45°F)
Is it worth visiting Cusco?
Cusco is definitely worth a visit. It is a gateway to Machu Picchu and a must-see for travelers exploring Peru. Beyond Machu Picchu, Cusco is steeped in history, as it was the capital of the Inca Empire. Emblematic sites such as Qorikancha and Sacsayhuaman showcase its rich past, blending Inca and colonial architecture.
The vibrant culture of the city is evident in festivals such as Inti Raymi and in its bustling markets, which offer an authentic taste of Andean life. Surrounded by the breathtaking Andes and nearby attractions such as the Sacred Valley, Cusco is perfect for both outdoor adventurers and history enthusiasts. The city of Cusco is an unforgettable destination, far beyond a simple stop at Machu Picchu.
The Best Time to Visit Cusco Peru
(August to December)
The dry season is generally considered the best time to visit Cusco for its clear skies and pleasant temperatures. However, this period also coincides with the peak tourist season. For optimal sightseeing and a quieter experience, consider visiting the city during the months of August through December. This period continues to offer ideal conditions for exploring Cusco and its surroundings, while avoiding crowds and benefiting from seasonal discounts and offers.
Note: Cusco is an unforgettable destination, far beyond a simple stop at Machu Picchu.
What to See in Cusco, Peru
Things to Do:
Plaza de Armas of Cusco
The Plaza de Armas of Cusco is the heart of the city and a must-see for anyone visiting the city. This historic Cusco square has been a central point since the Inca Empire, where it served as a meeting place for important events. Today, it remains the cultural and social center of the city, surrounded by beautiful colonial architecture, such as the Cusco Cathedral and the Church of the Society of Jesus. The plaza is a lively place full of restaurants, bars, cafes and stores. It is an ideal place to relax, people-watch or start exploring the city.
The Plaza de Armas is not only a symbol of Cusco’s rich history, but also the perfect starting point for anyone wishing to explore this fascinating city.
Qoricancha Temple
Qorikancha (also spelled Coricancha), in Quechua meaning “Temple of the Sun”, was the most important temple of the Inca Empire. It was dedicated to the Sun God, and was the religious, political and astronomical center. The walls of the temple were covered with gold, a symbol of the Incas’ veneration of the sun. By the time the Spanish colonized Peru, they built the church of Santo Domingo on the foundations of the Qorikancha temple, blending Inca and colonial architecture. Today, visitors can still contemplate the Inca stonework, famous for its precision, alongside the colonial structures. The site also contains artifacts and exhibits about the Inca culture and their advanced astronomical knowledge.
Qorikancha is a must-see stop for visitors new to Cusco and wishing to explore Cusco’s rich mix of Inca and colonial history. Its significance as a spiritual and architectural marvel makes it one of the city’s most important landmarks.
San Blas Barrio
The neighborhood of San Blas is one of the most charming and artistic in Cusco. Located uphill from the Plaza de Armas of Cusco, it is known for its narrow cobblestone streets, old houses and vibrant handicraft stores. The neighborhood has a bohemian atmosphere, attracting artists and artisans selling traditional crafts, jewelry and artwork. The San Blas square is home to the San Blas Church, one of the oldest in Cusco, which has a beautifully carved wooden pulpit. The neighborhood also offers some of the best views in Cusco, with picturesque spots where you can enjoy panoramic views.
San Blas is also a great place to explore for its cozy cafes and restaurants. It is the perfect area to experience the creative side of Cusco while soaking up its historic charm.
The Inca Museum
The Inka Museum of Cusco is one of the best places to better understand the Inca culture and its rich history. Housed in a beautiful colonial building, the Casa del Almirante, the museum features a vast collection of artifacts, including ceramics, textiles, royal mummies and metalwork, which showcase the impressive Inca and pre-Inca craftsmanship and culture.
The museum offers a wealth of information about Inca society, their way of life and religious beliefs. It also highlights the development of the other pre-Inca cultures and the subsequent Spanish conquest, giving visitors a complete understanding of the region’s history.
With expert guides, the Inca Museum is an essential stop for anyone interested in the history of the Inca Empire.
San Pedro Market
The San Pedro Market is the most authentic and bustling market in the city, offering a truly authentic local experience. Located just a short walk from the Plaza de Armas, it is a place where Cusqueños shop for everything from fresh produce to handicrafts. The market offers a variety of fruits, vegetables, cheese, fish, food, spices and traditional Andean ingredients such as quinoa and coca leaves. Mercado de San Pedro is a great place to buy souvenirs such as alpaca textiles, handmade jewelry and ceramics at great prices. There are also stalls selling freshly prepared local dishes such as ceviche, empanadas and fresh juices, making it an ideal place for a quick and affordable meal.
Choco Museum
Chocolate lovers flock to this museum for its hands-on chocolate-making workshops and the chance to enjoy a delicious hot chocolate with a unique flavor. The café’s balcony also offers impressive views of the city. Be sure to try the “bean to bar” workshop, where you’ll learn about the cultivation and production of chocolate before creating your own personalized bars. If you’re short on time, make a quick stop to buy some of the museum’s specialty chocolate products.
Entry is free into the small museum where you can learn about the history of chocolate
Twelve Angle Stone
Head to Hatunrumiyoc, a narrow historic street, to admire an impressive example of Inca mastery of stonework. The precision of the Inca masonry technique, in which the stones fit together perfectly without mortar, is on display here in all its splendor. The highlight is the famous Stone of the Twelve Angles, perfectly integrated to the lower wall of the Archbishop’s Palace. Don’t miss the opportunity to have your photo taken in front of this extraordinary stone, often accompanied by a local dressed in traditional Inca costume, adding a touch of authenticity to your experience.
Sacsayhuaman Ruins
Sacsayhuaman is one of the most remarkable archaeological sites near the city of Cusco, famous for its massive, precisely carved stone walls. Nestled on a hill overlooking the city, this ancient fortress shows the incredible skill of Inca masonry. The site is famous for its enormous stones, some weighing over 100 tons, which fit together perfectly without the need for mortar.
Historically, Sacsayhuaman was an important religious and ceremonial center for the Incas, serving originally as a ceremonial space. Its impressive construction and strategic location highlight its importance in Inca society. Sacsayhuaman is a must-see place, where festivals and events are also held, adding to its cultural importance.
Tambomachay Ruins
Tambomachay is an interesting archaeological site located near Sacsayhuaman and the city of Cuzco, famous for its exceptional hydraulic works. Known locally as the “Baths of the Inca”, this site shows the advanced hydraulic engineering of the Incas through a series of aqueducts, canals and fountains. The precise stone canals and waterfalls highlight the Incas’ impressive water management skills and their reverence for water as a sacred element. Although the archaeological site is partially destroyed, it still continues to impress visitors. Visiting Tambomachay provides a glimpse into the sophisticated engineering and spiritual practices of the Inca civilization, making it a valuable stop for anyone interested in understanding more about the hydraulic engineering of the Inca era.
Cristo Blanco
The White Christ of Cusco is an emblematic monument that offers scenic experiences. Perched atop a mountain, a hill overlooking the city, this imposing white statue of Jesus Christ stands as a prominent symbol of faith and peace. Erected in 1945, the statue reflects Cusco’s deep Christian heritage and serves as a symbol of hope and unity. Visitors enjoy breathtaking panoramic views of Cuzco and the surrounding Andes. Its elevated location provides an excellent vantage point for capturing stunning photographs of the city and its beautiful mountains.
To visit the White Christ you do not need an entrance ticket nor is there a visiting hours, although we recommend visiting it in the morning between 9:00 am and 11:00 am.
Rainbow Mountain
Exploring Rainbow Mountain, or Vinicunca, is one of the best things to do in Cusco if you like adventure. This stunning natural wonder, located about 3 hours from the city, features vibrant multicolored layers created by mineral deposits over millions of years. The hike to the summit, which reaches an altitude of over 5,000 meters (16,500 feet), is challenging but incredibly rewarding once you reach the top, with breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding Andes. Along the way, you will pass traditional villages, alpaca herds and snow-capped peaks. Visiting Rainbow Mountain is an unforgettable experience and a must on any Cusco itinerary.
Humantay Lake
Lake Humantay is a must-see for nature lovers exploring Cusco. Nestled high in the Andes, at 4,200 meters altitude, this turquoise jewel is fed by the glaciers of Mount Humantay. The hike to the lake is a moderate challenge, but the breathtaking reward is worth every step. If you want to take it easy there is also the option of renting horses. The Humantay Lake is surrounded by towering snow-capped peaks and lush vegetation, the lake offers breathtaking views and a tranquillity Whether you are looking for adventure or simply want to enjoy the natural beauty of the Andes, Humantay Lake is a highlight not to be missed on your travels to Cusco.
Explore the Sacred Valley of the Incas
Things to See:
Ollantaytambo Ruins
The ruins of Ollantaytambo are an extraordinary archaeological site in Peru’s Sacred Valley. Known for its impressive terraces and ceremonial structures, this ancient Inca site served as both a fortress and a religious center. The site includes terraced platforms, intricate stonework and the prominent Temple Hill, which offers panoramic views of the valley. Ollantaytambo was also an important site during the Spanish conquest. Today, it remains a popular destination for those exploring Inca history and breathtaking scenery.
Pisac Ruins
The ruins of Pisac are an impressive archaeological site located in the province of Calca in the Sacred Valley of Peru, near the mountaintop village of Pisac. This ancient Inca site, famous for its impressive cultivation terraces and extensive ruins, offers a fascinating insight into the agricultural and architectural achievements of the Incas.
Pisac was also a strategic location, offering impressive panoramic views of the Sacred Valley. It played an important role in the Inca Empire, both as a religious center and as a center of agricultural production as it supplied food for almost the entire kingdom. Today, the ruins of Pisac are a popular destination for travelers interested in Inca history, architecture and stunning natural scenery.
The Salt Mines
The Maras Salt Flats, also called Salinas de Maras, located in the Sacred Valley, near Cusco, are a fascinating and picturesque place, these ancient salt pans have been used since Inca times and remain an important source of salt today. The site consists of thousands of salt evaporation ponds, set out in a series of terraces. Each pool is filled with water from a natural salt spring and allowed to evaporate in the sun, leaving crystallized salt behind.
Those visiting the Salt Mines can explore the terraces, learn about traditional salt production methods and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding valley.
The Ruins of Moray
The ruins of Moray are a captivating archaeological site located in Peru’s Sacred Valley, near the town of Maras. The site is famous for its characteristic circular terraced depressions, believed to have been used by the Incas as an agricultural laboratory. The concentric terraces, allowed the Incas to experiment with different crops and growing conditions by creating different microclimates in the depressions. The intricate design of the terraces, shows the advanced agricultural techniques of the Incas. The site also offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Moray provides a unique insight into Inca agricultural innovation and the impressive engineering skills of the ancient civilization.
Alpaca Farm
Manos de la Comunidad is a large alpaca farm near the city of Cusco that offers an enriching experience for visitors interested in Andean culture and traditional handicrafts. At the farm you can interact with alpacas, llamas and vicuñas learning all about their care and the role they play in the local culture. The farm highlights the importance of alpacas to the community and offers a hands-on view of their sustainable and ethical breeding practices. The alpaca farm can be easily reached from Cuscp or Pisac, admission is free although you will be offered to visit an alpaca store in case you would like to buy something.
Where to Stay in Cusco, Peru
We believe that one day is not enough to explore all the attractions that Cusco has to offer, so to fully enjoy your stay, it is essential to choose the right accommodation. Cusco caters to all types of travelers with a wide range of accommodation options, from budget hostels to luxurious hotels. Cusco offers a huge variety of hotels allowing you to select the hotel that best suits your needs and preferred location. For those who want to be in the middle of the action, staying near the Centro Historico is ideal. If you prefer a more serene atmosphere, there are also quieter options.
Here a list of the best hotels in Cusco according to your budget to consider:
Budget:
- Posada San Blas
- Cusco Plza Nazarenas
- Hotel Las Quenas
- Hotel San Pedro Plaza
- Hotel Monasterio San Pedro
- Quechua Hotel Cusco
- Niños Hotel Meloc
Luxury:
- Hotel Palacio del Inka
- Hotel Monasterio (Belmond)
- Palacio Nazarenas
- JW Marriott El Convento Cusco
- Aranwa Cusco Boutique Hotel
- Casa Andina Premium Cusco
- Sonesta Hotel Cusco
- Novotel Hotel Cusco
Where to Eat in Cusco
Cusco offers a huge variety of typical restaurants, with dishes for all tastes. For traditional Peruvian cuisine, try Cicciolina or Gaston Acurio’s Chicha, which offer a delicious take on local dishes. Pachapapa restaurant , in San Blas, is perfect for tasting hearty Andean cuisine, we also recommend eating at the Morena restaurant, consider that for all these restaurants you must make your reservation at least a couple of hours in advance.
For a modern touch, MAP Café offers elegant Peruvian cuisine inside a museum. If you’re in the mood for international flavors, Uchu Peruvian Steakhouse restaurtant is great for steaks, while Jack’s Café offers a mix of Peruvian and global breakfasts. Vegetarians and vegans should try Kusikuy or Green Point for delicious plant-based dishes. For a casual meal, we recommend Mercado de San Pedro. Don’t miss the sweet treats at La Valeriana or Chocolatier, where you’ll find delicious chocolates and desserts.
Best Restaurants in Cusco
A city rich in history and culture, Cusco also has a dynamic culinary scene that reflects its vibrant heritage. Whether you are looking for traditional Peruvian flavors or a modern twist on classic dishes, there are restaurants in Cusco to suit all tastes. From fine dining experiences to casual and tasty street food, the city offers a range of options that highlight the best of local and international cuisine. Here is a list to some of the best restaurants in Cusco:
- Inka Grill
- Greens Organic
- Morena Restaurant
- Chicha Restaurant
- Pachapapa
- Cicciolina
- Kusykay Peruvian Craft Food
Travel Tips
Altitude Sickness in Cusco
Altitude sickness is a common concern for those visiting Cusco, given its high altitude of about 3,400 meters (11,200 feet). Symptoms can vary including, headache, nausea, dizziness and fatigue, while more severe cases can lead to serious illnesses such as pulmonary edema. To minimize the risk, acclimatize gradually by spending a few days at lower altitude, we recommend staying in the Sacred Valley first and then in Cusco, stay hydrated and avoid alcohol and heavy meals especially during your first 2 days. Taking it easy and drinking mate de Coca or Muña tea a traditional remedy, can also help. In case of severe symptoms, seek medical attention immediately at local clinics in Cusco.
Boleto Turistico
The Boleto Turistico is essential for your exploration of the city’s main attractions. This ticket gives you access to the main attractions such as Sacsayhuaman, Qenqo, Puka Pukara and Tambomachay. In the Sacred Valley you can visit, Moray, Ollantaytambo, Pisac, Chinchero as well as museums in the city. There are general admission tickets, which cover most attractions and are valid for 10 days, and partial tickets for specific sites. You can buy the Boleto Turistico at the main tourist office, near the Plaza de Armas, or at each of the sites. Keep the ticket well, as you will need it to enter each site.
What to Wear in Cusco
The weather in Cusco can be highly changeable due to its high altitude, so dressing appropriately is key to staying comfortable. Here is a quick guide on what to wear depending on the season:
Rainy season (November to March):
Waterproof jacket: Essential for unexpected showers
Layered clothing: Temperatures can vary from cool to warm, so layering will help you adjust as needed.
Waterproof footwear: Waterproof boots or shoes will keep your feet dry and comfortable.
Sun protection: A hat and sunscreen are important, as the sun can be strong even when during the wet season.
Dry season (April to October):
Warm clothing: In the early morning and evening it can get quite chilly, so bring a warm jacket with you.
Light, breathable clothing: Daytime temperatures are more enjoyable, so light, breathable clothing will keep you comfortable during the day.
Sun protection: Sunglasses, a sun hat and sunscreen are crucial, as the sun can be intense at higher elevations.
Comfortable footwear: Good footwear is essential for exploring Cusco and the surrounding area.
Conclusions
In conclusion, Cusco is a fascinating destination where a rich historical heritage and unique cultural experiences converge in the heart of the Andes. With its impressive mix of Inca and colonial architecture, its lively bustling markets and its proximity to impressive sites such as Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley, Cusco offers an unforgettable travel experience. To get the most out of your visit, plan your trip in advance, allow time to acclimatize to the altitude and pack appropriately for different weather conditions. Cusco promises a journey full of discoveries and wonders.
